Study derives CKM Wolfenstein parameters from cellular automaton orbit, indicating a new arithmetic foundation for particle physics.
We derive all four Wolfenstein parameters of the CKM quark mixing matrix from the arithmetic of the Rule~110 cellular automaton orbit that the Standard Model generation sequence is forced to satisfy~, with zero free parameters. The derivation proceeds in two stages. First, the five quark-sector orbit indices N_ eff are identified with structural formulas in the GTE orbit constants = 3, = 5, = 13: the up quark at = ^2 = 9; the down quark at = = 5; the charm quark at = ^2(2 +1) = 275; the strange quark at = 2 (2 + ) = 186; and the bottom quark at = 2^ -1 = 8191, a Mersenne prime at the Higgs staircase endpoint. None of these values is a free parameter; all are consequences of the GTE cascade structure, machine-certified in Lean~4 with zero for the arithmetic identities. Second, the four Wolfenstein parameters follow. The leading parameter = ^2/(2^ × ) = 9/40 = 0.22500 agrees with the PDG value 0.22500± 0.00067 to 0.000\% (0.000σ); it is machine-certified in Lean~4 ( \_lambda\_formula, zero ). The subleading parameter A = √(N_ eff)(s)/N_ eff(c) = √(186/275) = 0.8224 matches PDG at 0.65σ. The remaining parameters and follow from a deep cross-sector identity: the CKM unitarity triangle radius = /2^ = 3/8 equals the GUT-scale Weinberg mixing angle (M_ GUT) = 3/8 (machine-certified; \_unitarity\_triangle\_radius\_eq\_gut\_weinberg). From = 3/8 and a Mersenne-to-algebraic ratio (γ) = √( / )/ , we obtain = 0.1545 (0.41σ) and = 0.3417 (0.63σ). All nine CKM matrix elements agree with the PDG within 1σ at O( ^4). The CP angle γ = 65.67^ lies -0.023σ from the PDG central value. The Mersenne primality of forces (γ) to be irrational, providing an arithmetic origin for CP violation.
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Nova Spivack (2026) studied this question.
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