The dead cone effect in heavy-quark jets: a unified study from charm and bottom to top

We present a unified overview of recent progress in the study of QCD radiation in heavy-quark jets, focusing on the dead-cone effect. Using precision data from LEP at √s=91.2 s = 91.2 GeV, we demonstrate strong momentum-space suppression in charm and bottom quark jets, supported by Monte Carlo simulations with Pythia 8, and provide a quantitative interpretation within the Modified Leading Logarithmic Approximation (MLLA) of perturbative QCD. We then extend the analysis to top-quark jets at √s=1 s = 1 TeV, where finite lifetime effects and decay radiation introduce new conceptual challenges. A new method is presented to isolate the top-quark dead cone by separating production and decay radiation, and it is validated at both parton and hadron level using Pythia 8. Together, these results establish a coherent framework for testing QCD radiation dynamics across all three heavy quarks.