Na⁺ Transport and Plant Salt Resistance at the Whole Plant Level

Plants can maintain Na⁺ homeostasis to increase salt resistance by several mechanisms, which include limiting Na⁺ influx, strengthening Na⁺ efflux, lessening Na⁺ transport to the shoot, distributing Na⁺ of shoots to particular parts (e.g., old leaves), secreting Na⁺ outside the leaves by a salt-secreting structure or transporting Na⁺ to the root by phloem recirculation. This paper introduces advances in research into the roles of Na⁺ transportation in salt resistance of plants at the whole plant level.