-maze, and Morris' water maze) were conducted from day 8 to day 15. On day 16, animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation, brains were isolated, and the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were separated and homogenized, followed by centrifugation at 4 °C, 10,000 rpm for 15 min. The biochemical estimations like acetylcholinesterase activity were used; oxidative and antioxidant parameters like nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione were determined; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for amyloid beta, inflammatory cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and CD33 were performed. The results from behavioral and biochemical tests suggested that the PAPS formulation had a more significant impact on slowing the progression of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment compared to the stearylamine-conjugated phenyl boronic acid carrier and 4-allyl pyrocatechol alone treatments. The histopathological studies revealed a decline in neural degeneration and showed improved neuronal morphology in the PAPS-treated group compared with the disease group. From the data obtained, the PAPS nanoparticle formulation would be an effective strategy for reducing the progression of cognitive impairment.
Katti et al. (Wed,) studied this question.