Modern methods of cartilaginous microtia reconstruction

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this manuscript is to review current literature of modern cartilaginous microtia reconstruction techniques and describe evolving biotechnological advancements within this field. We additionally offer opinions on technical refinements from our institutional experience with autologous rib cartilage reconstruction performed for nearly 30 years. RECENT FINDINGS: Autologous rib cartilage reconstruction is the gold standard for microtia treatment. There is active research in developing alternative framework materials, including allogenic and tissue-engineered cartilage. Advancements in technology such as three-dimensional bioprinting play an increasing role in the personalization and precision of auricular reconstruction. SUMMARY: Microtia reconstructive surgery presents a challenge in balancing aesthetic goals with minimal morbidity. Cartilage offers framework strength as well as pliability for custom shaping. Tissue-engineered cartilage for microtia is promising, prompting research in this field focused on elucidating long-term durability and safety. A robust understanding of cartilaginous options for auricular reconstruction in the context of modern evidence and technology can improve both patient and surgeon satisfaction.