Justice as a facilitator of mangrove (re)establishment: Perspectives from Colombia and Malaysia

Interest in mangrove (re)establishment has grown rapidly in recent decades, driven by climate mitigation goals and ambitious restoration targets. While ecological and technical aspects have received significant attention, the social dimensions of mangrove (re)establishment remain less understood. This thesis examines how issues of justice shape mangrove governance and management, using case studies from Barú, Colombia and Setiu Wetlands, Malaysia. Drawing on an environmental justice framework and qualitative research with local communities, it explores how decision-making processes, the distribution of benefits and burdens, and the recognition of local knowledge and culture influence (re)establishment outcomes. The findings show that although local communities highly value mangrove forests, they are often marginalised in decision-making processes and disproportionately affected by environmental degradation. At the same time, powerful actors frequently play a dual role in both driving mangrove degradation and funding (re)establishment. Overall, the research highlights how power asymmetries undermine both social justice and the outcomes of mangrove (re)establishment efforts.