AI-Based Optimization of Ibuprofen-Loaded Nanosponges Incorporated into Sustained Release Tablets for Osteoarthritis Treatment

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to develop and evaluate ibuprofen-loaded nanosponges incorporated into sustained release tablets forosteoarthritis management using artificial intelligence–driven optimization.Methods:Ibuprofen nanosponges were prepared by the solvent emulsion diffusion method using suitable polymers. AI-based modelingoptimized formulation variables affecting particle size, entrapment efficiency, and drug release. Nanosponges were characterizedfor particle size, zeta potential, morphology, and entrapment efficiency. The optimized formulation was compressed intosustained release tablets and evaluated for physicochemical properties. In vitro drug release and kinetic studies were performed.Results:The optimized formulation showed nanosized particles with good stability and high entrapment efficiency of 87.60%. Tabletsexhibited acceptable properties. Drug release was sustained up to 12 hours, following the Higuchi model with non-Fickiandiffusion.Conclusion:AI-based optimization enabled development of stable ibuprofen nanosponge tablets with controlled release, offering improvedtherapeutic potential in osteoarthritis.