A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Modeling and Diagnosis Approaches

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been utilized increasingly in recent years in various applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs), electronics, and large energy storage systems due to their long lifespan, high energy density, and high-power density, among other qualities. However, there can be faults that occur internally or externally that affect battery performance which can potentially lead to serious safety concerns, such as thermal runaway. Thermal runaway is a major challenge in the Li-ion battery field due to its uncontrollable and irreversible nature, which can lead to fires and explosions, threatening the safety of the public. Therefore, thermal runaway prognosis and diagnosis are significant topics of research. To efficiently study and develop thermal runaway prognosis and diagnosis algorithms, thermal runaway modeling is also important. Li-ion battery thermal runaway modeling, prediction, and detection can help in the development of prevention and mitigation approaches to ensure the safety of the battery system. This paper provides a comprehensive review of Li-ion battery thermal runaway modeling. Various prognostic and diagnostic approaches for thermal runaway are also discussed.