Migrant patients in intensive care units: nursing role and cultural adaptation of humanization models — a scoping review protocol

Linguistic barriers in intensive care units (ICUs) are independently associated with increased mortality (OR 1.21), higher readmission rates, and reduced family participation in end-of-life decisions. Despite advances in ICU humanization, no existing model has been developed or validated for migrant or culturally and linguistically diverse populations. This protocol describes a scoping review that will map evidence on experiences of migrant patients and their families in ICUs, analyse existing humanization models and their degree of cultural adaptation, and explore the nursing role and moral distress in this context. The review follows JBI methodology and will be reported according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Seven bibliographic databases will be searched (PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, BVS, CUIDEN). The protocol is prospectively registered in OSF (DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BE4DK ).