The impact of barley cultivation technologies in organic farming on the phytosanitary condition of crops

The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of intensive, integrated, and fully biologized cultivation technologies on the phytosanitary condition of barley crops and their yield. The intensive technology included the use of mineral fertilizers calculated for a planned yield of 4.0 t/ha of grain, plant protection products, and chemical stubble decomposers. In the fully biologized technology, all chemical inputs were replaced with biological ones. The integrated cultivation technology, in addition to biological inputs, included the use of herbicides. The soil of the experimental field was weakly leached heavy loamy chernozem. The soil in the experimental field had high levels of plant-available phosphorus, increased potassium, and high levels of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen, with a slightly acidic soil solution reaction. It was found that the absence of herbicide treatment using the fully biologized technology could result in a significant increase in crop weed infestation (more than twice the weed mass) and root rot infestation (1.4-1.6 times). Nevertheless, under the condition of a high supply of nutrients and in favorable weather conditions on leached chernozems, when using a fully biologized cultivation technology, it is possible to form a barley grain yield that is only slightly inferior to the intensive one: in the year of experiments using a fully biologized technology, it was 3.97 t/ha, and using an intensive one - 4.12 t/ha.