Green competitiveness, entrepreneurship, and learning: econometric evidence from OECD countries

Development in the global coordinates of the sustainable development model implies the transition of all countries of the world from traditional to green economy, which represents an economic system of a qualitatively new type. Green economy is an intensively oriented economy, which means that it implies a significant increase in the efficiency of resource consumption, development and introduction of environmentally friendly technologies and innovative developments into mass production, reduction of risks of degradation and destruction of natural ecosystems, minimization of production and household waste, as well as the formation of circular economies in the world economy. In order to carry out econometric assessment of country benefits of green competitiveness, available OECD statistical data were used, which take into account the indicators of green growth in the countries of this group. It is important to note that the choice of the OECD countries for the analysis is not accidental, since this organization unites 38 of the most developed countries in the world with a high level of GDP per person and human development index, characterized by the introduction of the most technologically progressive and innovative practices of macroeconomic growth, energy management and rational use of natural resources. In other words, it is the OECD member states that are the pioneers of the global process of greening national economies, and consequently, as of today, have achieved the highest intensity of the introduction of renewable energy sources and the highest degree of their impact on the dynamics of macroeconomic growth. This paper argues that the successful green transition modeled by these nations is not merely a matter of policy and finance, but fundamentally requires a parallel transformation in education and entrepreneurship. By identifying the key drivers of green competitiveness, this study provides a framework for developing educational curricula, fostering entrepreneurial ventures, and building the human capital necessary to replicate and adapt these successes globally, thereby contributing directly to SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).