Counteracting Muscle Loss in Individuals Using GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for Weight Loss: Evaluation of Physical Exercise and Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Therapies

The increase in global obesity rates has led to the widespread application of drug therapies, such as GLP-1RAs (like Semaglutide), for weight reduction. However, GLP-1RAs are often accompanied by subsequent muscle mass reduction, which may have negative impacts on metabolism, physical function, and long-term weight control. This article evaluates two key strategies for combating muscle loss: physical exercise and humanized monoclonal antibodies. Studies have shown that physical exercise can improve muscle mass, cardiovascular health, and joint function, especially swimming, which is a friendly exercise for joints and particularly suitable for individuals with high body mass index (BMI). At the same time, many preclinical and clinical studies have provided evidence that antibody therapy provides a biological method for muscle preservation by inhibiting the myogenin/activin A pathway. However, safety issues and limited functional benefits indicate that these therapies are best used as adjunctive therapies. We conclude that a combined approach, including taking Semaglutide, engaging in physical exercise, and seeking nutritional support, may be the most effective strategy for maintaining muscle mass during weight loss. Future research should focus on designing more clinical trials based on human or human-related antibodies and conducting more long-term trials on the effects of different exercises (especially swimming), with larger sample sizes.