Remineralizing and Antimicrobial Effects of a Chitosan–Xylitol Hydrogel on Dental Enamel: An In Vitro Study

Dental enamel is a highly mineralized tissue with limited regenerative capacity, making it particularly susceptible to demineralization processes that negatively affect oral health. The development of biocompatible remineralizing materials is essential for advancing preventive and minimally invasive dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate the remineralizing effect of a chitosan–xylitol combination on dental enamel, as well as its antimicrobial activity. It was hypothesized that this combination would promote enamel remineralization. Surface morphology and elemental composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to identify chemical interactions associated with hydrogel formation. Mechanical properties were assessed through Vickers microhardness testing before and after treatment. Additionally, antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the Kirby–Bauer method against microorganisms associated with dental caries. The results demonstrated that the chitosan–xylitol combination promotes enamel remineralization, evidenced by structural changes, increased mineral content, and improved microhardness. A complementary antimicrobial effect was also observed. These findings support the potential of this combination as a promising alternative for preventive and conservative dental treatments.