Demonstrates improved lesion detection in biliary tract carcinomas, suggesting enhanced evaluation and treatment options.
Nuclear medicine has undergone major evolution in the assessment of biliary tract diseases, from classic hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) to advanced positron emission tomography (PET) tracers such as fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI), chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and integrin-directed agents, which complement computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by providing functional and molecular information for both benign and malignant conditions. These advances are particularly impactful in biliary tract carcinomas, where Gallium-68 (68Ga) FAPI PET/CT improves lesion detection and staging beyond Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F -FDG) PET/CT and opens a theranostic avenue, while newer tracers, quantitative PET, and radiomics approaches are emerging for better evaluation, prognostication, and treatment response assessment.
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Kamaleshwaran et al. (2026) studied this question.
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