Abstract Bio-inspired optical spectroscopy utilizes specialized light-manipulation mechanisms, refined through biological evolution, to enhance analytical performance. This chapter evaluates the development of spectroscopic techniques informed by biological systems, ranging from fundamental physical principles to diverse field applications. Light-matter interactions are analyzed across multiple scales, including the molecular architecture of photosynthetic complexes and the hierarchical nanostructures responsible for structural coloration in lepidopteran and avian species. The theoretical framework incorporates established models of photonic crystals, plasmonic effects, and quantum coherence phenomena. Recent advancements in nanofabrication facilitate the high-fidelity replication of biological optical structures, resulting in spectroscopic tools with enhanced detection limits and molecular specificity compared to traditional architectures. Applications are examined across analytical chemistry, biomedical diagnostics, environmental surveillance, industrial quality control, and precision agriculture, demonstrating how bio-inspired designs address operational constraints in each domain. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and quantum sensing indicates a trajectory toward increasingly autonomous and high-resolution analytical systems. Critical operational challenges, including fabrication scalability, economic feasibility, and in-situ implementation, are discussed to provide a realistic assessment of current technological readiness. This review characterizes the ongoing transition toward sophisticated bio-inspired analytical solutions and identifies specific requirements for future research and industrial translation.
KAOUD et al. (Thu,) studied this question.