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Mathematical derivations uncover mass origins and emergence within the Relaton Universe framework, suggesting new insights into fundamental physics.
This section collects the core derivations of mass origin and constant emergence in the Relaton Universe. Appendix D derives the absolute value of the electron mass, me*c^2≈0.511 MeV, from symmetry breaking and relaxation dynamics. Appendix E establishes the mathematical mapping from a discrete network of Relaton pairs to continuous spacetime, proving that continuity is a statistical projection of a large number of discrete events. Appendix F derives the neutrino’s rest mass (∼0.04 eV) and its flavor oscillation frequency, which show excellent agreement with oscillation scales from various experiments. Appendix G derives the universal form of the π/e relaxation factor from the phase dynamics equation. Appendix H presents the configurational origins and precise numerical values of the π/(ke) relaxation correction terms in the mass spectra of some known elementary particles. Appendix I derives closed formulas for the fine‑structure constant α^−1 and the electron anomalous magnetic moment aeae based on the ten‑Relaton configuration of the hydrogen atom and the relaxation channel capacity of the vacuum effect field, achieving deviations from experimental values of order 10^−9 and 10^−8, respectively.
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YJ Yang (2026) studied this question.
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