Learning challenges in children with brachial plexus birth injury: a preliminary study

Objectives To explore and describe learning challenges experienced by children with brachial plexus birth injury compared to the Canadian population. Methods A retrospective chart review of 127 patients (mean age = 10 years 1 month, SD 5 years 1 month, n = 74 females) in a Canadian provincial brachial plexus clinic database was performed. Collected data included: patient demographics, birth history and complications, treatment interventions, and learning challenges. Data were summarized descriptively. The prevalence of learning challenges was compared with Canadian population data. Associations between reported learning challenges and patient and treatment characteristics were analyzed. Results The per cent of learning challenges was 22.6% for males and 8.1% for females, compared to 4.0% and 2.5%, respectively, for the general population. Of those with a reported learning challenge, 56% had a formal diagnosis. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and speech delay were the most reported. Conclusion This exploratory study found a higher prevalence of learning challenges in children with brachial plexus birth injury compared to Canadian children and youth. Further research is needed to corroborate and build on these initial results. Implementation of regular screening practices to support early detection of learning challenges may be considered to facilitate referral to specialty services with the goal of optimizing a child's health and well-being.