An optimized all-optical half-adder using Y-shaped photonic crystals for high-speed optical computation

In this paper, a half-adder (H-A) device is presented that utilizes non-linear material with 2-D photonic crystal waveguides (PhCWG). According to the beam interference principle, the construction uses air as its foundation and Y-shaped silicon (Si) rods in square lattice. A set of 25 × 19 Si rods with a radius ( r ) of 0.12 µm and a lattice constant ( a ) of 0.6 µm make up the structure’s square lattice. The structure works expertly by changing the phase of shaft of light with wavelengths of 1,550 nm, and it is numerically stimulated and confirmed using the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) technique. The design provides a contrast ratio (CR) of 5.806 dB, a transmission efficiency (TE) of 100 %, a response time ( R T ) of 23.62 fs for sum, and a low insertion loss ( I L ) of 0.96 dB for carry, all of which are significantly better and more efficient than those of other devices when the refractive index (RI), lattice constant and Si rod radius are optimized.