The Patient Distress Scale questionnaire: factor structure and internal consistency

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: This study examined the factor structure and internal consistency of the Patient Distress Scale (PDS). The PDS is an 11-item questionnaire that was developed to assess acute neurological patients' awareness of emotional disturbances during early rehabilitation. RESEARCH DESIGN: A retrospective cohort of patients seen for inpatient rehabilitation following brain injury. PROCEDURES: The PDS was administered to patients and family members upon admission to the neurorehabilitation unit as part of their neuropsychological evaluation. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Subjects were heterogeneous sample of acute neurological inpatients (n = 84) and their relatives (n = 64). A principle components factor analysis with varimax rotation yielded a three factor solution, which together accounted for 62% of the variance. The factor solution provided partial support for the initial structure of the PDS. Analyses revealed relatively strong reliability coefficients for patients (r = 0.82) and relatives (r = 0.86) on the PDS total score. Acceptable reliability coefficients were also found for patients and relatives on each of the factor scores. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary findings support the utility of the PDS as a measure of awareness in acute neurological patients.