The Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection, Effectiveness of Vaccination and Revaccination with Sputnik V and Sputnik Light Drugs for Non-Specialized Medical Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction. Recently, data accumulated during the COVID-19 pandemic are a subject of thorough analysis and numerous publications of domestic and foreign authors. The present work presents the results of a retrospective study of the peculiarities of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and efficiency of the protective effect of Sputnik V vaccination/revaccination in a group of employees of non-infectious medical center during different periods of the pandemic.Materials and Methods. The study group consisted of 1506 individuals. Information on the presence/absence of the disease was registered according to PCR test data (1404 individuals), by the presence of antibodies to determinants of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (74 individuals), by the presence of characteristic traits of lung damage according to the results of computed tomography (28 individuals). Information about the vaccination/revaccination dates was obtained from the questionnaire data. The results were processed in the Statistica 12.5 (StatSoft) program. Results. The morbidity and effectiveness of the Sputnik V vaccine protective effect were assessed in dynamics during the period from the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic in Russia and, in fact, until its completion. The effectiveness of vaccination was 92.72% against the Alpha virus variant, then decreased to 80.31 and 44.84% at the initial and final stages of the dominance of Delta variant, respectively, and dropped to a nonsignificant level during the transition to the Omicron variant. A booster immunization with Sputnik Light increased the vaccine protective properties against both the Delta and Omicron variants. The vaccination effectiveness coefficient increased to 81.22–91.17%. Conclusions. Undoubtedly, a strategy of Sputnik V vaccination/revaccination met expectations regarding the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection with Alpha and Delta variants, revaccination enhanced the vaccine protective properties against these virus variants, as well as more contagious Omicron virus. At the same time, both primary and booster immunizations were most effective against recurrent diseases, which can be of interest in terms of organizing anti-epidemic measures during the mass spread of infectious diseases.