Imatinib treatment and vaccination in an infant with chronic myeloid leukemia diagnosed when 40 days old.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare disease in children, accounting for less than 3% of all pediatric leukemia cases. So far, only single cases of CML diagnosed and treated in the first year of life have been reported. The optimal imatinib dosage and long-term effects, especially in infancy, are still unknown. While standardized guidelines for infant CML are lacking, we here report on the youngest infant diagnosed with CML to date, who was 40 days old at the time of diagnosis. Imatinib treatment including response, toxicities observed and vaccinations administered during 19-months of follow-up are described.