A description is presented of a single-chip, microcomputer-based pacemaker system in which high-level analog functions are integrated on the same IC as a 8-bit microcomputer and a DC-DC converter. Low voltage and low current techniques are used, as well as circuitry to compensate for any long-term drift of transistor characteristics. Each functional block is programmable and can therefore be used in a variety of other implantable, biomedical applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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Stotts et al. (2003) studied this question.