The GNB3 C825T Polymorphism Is Associated With Decreased Risk of Recurrence of Large‐Artery Atherosclerotic Acute Ischemic Stroke

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Kaplan–Meier curves for cumulative incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke and composite vascular events stratified by GNB3 C825T polymorphisms. A, Kaplan–Meier curves for recurrent ischemic stroke, (B) adjusted survival curves for recurrent ischemic stroke, (C) Kaplan–Meier curves for composite vascular events, (D) adjusted survival curves for composite vascular events. Patients with GNB3 C825T CC genotype were identified as noncarriers of GNB3 C825T polymorphism. Patients with GNB3 C825T CT/TT genotype were identified as carriers of GNB3 C825T polymorphism. Adjusted survival curves were derived from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, with covariates set to their mean values (continuous variables) or reference categories (categorical variables). Kaplan–Meier curves were unadjusted. Both the adjusted and unadjusted analyses used the same multivariable Cox model specification, adjusted for sex, age, smoking, heavy drinking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and onset‐to‐blood draw time. Group differences were assessed using the log‐rank test for Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariable Cox…

• 

  Figure 2. Association of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism with 1‐year outcomes according to antiplatelet therapy. Patients with GNB3 C825T CC genotype were identified as noncarriers of GNB3 C825T polymorphism. Patients with GNB3 C825T CT/TT genotype were identified as carriers of GNB3 C825T polymorphism. *Treatment groups are mutually exclusive and defined by monotherapy or dual therapy without other antiplatelet agents. †Patients receiving only aspirin monotherapy. ‡Patients receiving only clopidogrel monotherapy. §Patients receiving only dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel). Model 1 was adjusted for sex, age, smoking, heavy drinking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and onset‐to‐blood draw time. Model 2 adjusted for covariates identified in Table S1, including age, body mass index, hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission, absolute lymphocyte count, fibrinogen, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and interleukin‐6. DAPT indicates dual antiplatelet therapy; and HR, hazard ratio.

• 

  Figure 3. Association of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism with 1‐year outcomes according to aspirin monotherapy and dual antiplatelet therapy. Patients with GNB3 C825T CC genotypes were identified as noncarriers of GNB3 C825T. Patients with GNB3 C825T CT/TT genotypes were identified as carriers of GNB3 C825T. *Treatment groups are mutually exclusive and defined by monotherapy or dual therapy without other antiplatelet agents. †Patients receiving only aspirin monotherapy. ‡Patients receiving only dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel). The Cox proportional hazards model was adjusted for sex, age, smoking, heavy drinking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission, and onset‐to‐blood draw time. DAPT indicates dual antiplatelet therapy; and HR, hazard ratio.

• 

  Figure 4. Mediation analysis of interleukin‐6 in the association between GNB3 C825T and 1‐year ischemic stroke recurrence. The Cox proportional hazards model was adjusted for sex, age, smoking, heavy drinking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission, and onset‐to‐blood draw time. and IL‐6 indicates interleukin‐6.