From Forced Rhythm to Autonomous Oscillation: The Threshold of Self-Sustaining Cardiac Loop Re-entry Under V=N/D

Key Result

A theoretical model defines return of spontaneous circulation as a phase transition occurring when internal ionic gradient density crosses a critical threshold, analogous to cosmic inflation.

Key Points

• The aim is to determine the critical internal ionic gradient threshold for sustaining autonomous cardiac function during CPR.
• Defined three regimes of cardiac function: Forced, Transition, and Autonomous based on ionic gradients.
• Examined the relationship between external and internal wave injections during CPR in relation to ROSC.
• Established optimal timing for defibrillation as the point when internal gradients reach the critical threshold.
• Optimal defibrillation timing occurs when internal ionic gradients cross the critical threshold (N_c).
• Premature cessation of CPR occurs when internal gradients are below this threshold, despite returning signs of ROSC.
• The transition to autonomous cardiac function is sudden and not gradual, mirroring phases in cosmic inflation.