DuaDiff: Dual-Conditional Diffusion Model for Guided Thermal Image Super-Resolution

Thermal imaging offers valuable properties, but suffers from inherently low spatial resolution, which can be enhanced using a high-resolution (HR) visible image as guidance. However, the substantial modality differences between thermal and visible images, coupled with significant resolution gaps, pose challenges to existing guided super-resolution (SR) approaches. In this article, we present dual-conditional diffusion (DuaDiff), an innovative diffusion model featuring a dual-conditioning mechanism to enhance guided thermal image SR. Unlike typical conditional diffusion models, DuaDiff integrates a learnable Laplacian pyramid to extract high-frequency details from the visible image, serving as one of the conditioning inputs. By capturing multiscale high-frequency components, DuaDiff effectively focuses on intricate textures and edges in the HR visible images, significantly enhancing thermal image fidelity. Furthermore, we project both thermal and visible images into a semantic latent space, constructing another conditioning input. Leveraging these complementary conditions, DuaDiff employs a multimodal latent feature cross-attention module to facilitate effective interaction between noise, thermal, and visible latent representations. Extensive experiments on the FLIR-ADAS and CATS datasets for 4 and 8 guided SR demonstrate that combining learnable Laplacian conditioning with semantic latent conditioning enables DuaDiff to surpass state-of-the-art methods in both visual quality and metric evaluation, particularly in scenarios with a large resolution gap. Besides, the applications to downstream tasks further confirm the capability of DuaDiff to recover high-fidelity semantic information. The code will be released.