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The electromagnetic form factors of nucleons are calculated using an anti--de Sitter (AdS) /QCD model by considering a Dirac field coupled to a vector field in the five-dimensional AdS space. We also calculate a gravitational or energy-momentum form factor by perturbing the metric from the static AdS solution. We consider both the hard-wall model where the AdS geometry is cut off at z₀ and the soft-wall model where the geometry is smoothly cut off by a background dilaton field.
Abidin et al. (Mon,) studied this question.