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The expanding issues of environmental contamination and worldwide energy consumption highlight the importance of innovative materials for efficient energy conversion, storage, and cleanup. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal sulfides have emerged as intriguing possibilities; nevertheless, their individual limitations—such as poor conductivity and stability in MOFs and limited cycling endurance in metal sulfides—limit their practical uses. MOF@Metal-Sulfide composites provide a potent solution by combining the high porosity, adjustable structure, and huge surface area of MOFs with the better electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of sulfides. This review provides a thorough examination of these hybrid materials, including their structural architectures (core-shell, hollow, porous, and yolk-shell), composition-dependent types, and various synthetic strategies, such as in situ growth, sulphurization, deposition, and MOF-derivative pathways. The main characterization techniques used to investigate their structural, optical, and electrical properties are summarized. The mechanisms influencing their performance in photocatalytic water splitting, electrocatalytic HER/OER/ORR, alkali-ion batteries, and supercapacitors are thoroughly investigated. Finally, the various applications of MOF@Metal-Sulfide composites are discussed, including environmental cleanup, energy storage, electrocatalysis, gas detection, and electromagnetic wave absorption. This assessment is intended to help guide the development of next-generation multifunctional materials for sustainable energy and environmental technologies.
Borah et al. (Tue,) studied this question.