Cat waiting in the wings: The transient formation of Cr2+ dimers through coordination to a second molecule of the catalyst promotes the isomerization of glucose to fructose and explains the unique ability of CrCl2 to catalyze the dehydration of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in ionic-liquid media. The active-site environment during the rate-controlling step resembles that in hexose isomerase enzymes.
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Pidko et al. (2010) studied this question.
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