Temperature effects in single or combined with chemicals to the aquatic organisms: An overview of thermo-chemical stress

Climatic change (global warming) not only limited to the terrestrial environmental variations but also transforming the aquatic environments. Recent studies have reported that both coastal and freshwater bodies have experienced the progressive warming and will intensify (giant leap) during this century. Same time the bewildering array of thermal stresses poses serious threats to the aquatic organisms. Although, there is a growing body of literature and scientific consensus regarding the effects of temperature to the aquatic biota. Hitherto, the extent to which the thermo-chemical stress on aquatic organisms intensifying is not fully elaborated. We have summarized following declarations: Temperature variations induce a range of physiological and biological responses in aquatic organisms including; corticosteroid response, metabolic response, immune responses, heat shock proteins, and wavering in haemolymph parameters. The observed responses due to temperature fluctuations are actually attributed to the whole organism level performances like, acclimation and adaptation, fitness, feeding and food conversion ratio, growth and development. Temperature dependent chemical toxicities are subjected to influence the chemical processes and underlying molecular/genetic mechanisms of aquatic organisms at individual population and community levels.