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Al-Samra Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) play a vital role in Jordan in treating wastewater to preserve the ecosystem and public health. A life cycle assessment (LCA) approach is employed to assess the ecological impact of Al-Samra WWTP through the years 2021 and 2022. This research aims to employ LCA for the Al-Samra operational phase and quantify the key potential environmental impacts associated with its operation and Gate-to-Grave boundary using the OpenLCA software tool and the Recipe 2016 midpoint (H) method. The LCA results reveal that the Al-Samra WWTP in 2021 had the most significant impact when compared to the year 2022 in categories of global warming, ionizing radiation, land use, ozone formation-human health, ozone formation-terrestrial ecosystems, and stratospheric ozone depletion, while in 2022 Al-Samra WWTP had the highest impact assessment results compared to the year 2021 in other categories like fine particulate matter formation, fossil resource scarcity, mineral resource scarcity, terrestrial acidification, and water consumption. The main contributors to environmental impact are inlet load and flow in the operation phase, which relies on electricity as the energy source and contributes significantly to the overall environmental impact. Based on these potential results, the research highlights the importance of implementing sustainable practices to reduce the ecological effects of WWTPs.
Ata et al. (Wed,) studied this question.