The Gut–Vagina Axis

The gut–vagina axis has emerged as a growing area of interest in female health due to its potential role in mediating physiological processes via interactions between distinct microbiomes, including microbial migration, hormonal and immune regulation, and metabolite exchange. Recent advances in microbiome research suggest bidirectional communication between gut and vaginal communities, with potential effects on microbial composition, immune responses, hormonal balance, and metabolic activity in both sites. In this review, we outline the most promising features of the gut–vaginal relationship, emphasize the significance of their plausible bidirectional communication, and discuss how these interactions may affect local and systemic health.