Daoistic Humanism In Ancient China: Broadening Personality And Counseling Theories In The 21st Century

American psychology, including humanistic psychology, tends to focus on Western cultures and European/American-centric theories while neglecting Eastern or other cultures. Examining Laozi's Daoism (previously called Taoism), the article expounds the following humanistic issues from the perspective of ancient Chinese philosophy: (a) the principle of wei wu-wei (or following the noninterference or nonaction) or spontaneity and natural way; (b) openness and tolerance; (c) water personality; (d) high regard for females and mothers; (e) moderation and avoidance of extremes; (f) the welfare of others and the world; and (g) opposition to war and love of peace. Connections between early humanistic counseling and Chinese Daoism are also discussed.