Superradiant Scattering by Wormholes in Bopp–Podolsky Electrodynamics

Superradiance is a scattering process in which incident waves are amplified by a scatterer, such as a black hole, leading to the extraction of energy from the system. In this work, we study superradiant scattering within Bopp–Podolsky electrodynamics, an extension of Maxwell electrodynamics that introduces higher-derivative terms in the electromagnetic field and a non-minimal coupling to curved spacetime. We analyze the propagation of scalar waves in a static, spherically symmetric wormhole geometry obtained perturbatively from the Reissner–Nordström solution of General Relativity coupled to Maxwell electrodynamics. We demonstrate that superradiant scattering occurs in this background and, through numerical analysis, find that the Podolsky parameter suppresses the amplification.