The Conception of God in the Qur'An

ABSTRACTThis study examines the conception of God in the Qur’an through an ontological analysis conducted at the rasm level, the consonantal skeletal structure of the text. The methodological approach is based on the distribution of subject–verb relations observable in the undotted and vowelless letter skeletons of Qur’anic words. The constant and non-derivable presence of the rasm form ALLH (A-L-L-H) throughout the text is interpreted as a structural indicator of God’s ontological centrality.By analyzing the subject distribution of root skeletons such as KH-L-Q (to bring into existence), Q-D-R (to measure/ordain), ‘-L-M (to know), H-K-M (to judge), Q-R-B (to be near), D-‘-W (to call/invoke), and A-J-B (to respond), the study demonstrates the presence of a clear ontological asymmetry between God and human beings.This asymmetry indicates that God is not one entity among other beings, but rather the ontological reference point of the entire domain of existence. The study also addresses the issues of free will, prayer, divine agency, causality, and theodicy within the same structural framework. The root Q-D-R is interpreted not as deterministic fate but as an ontological order of measure. The attribution of human action verbs to human agents forms the structural basis of freedom and responsibility.Consequently, the study argues that transcendent panentheism provides the most coherent explanatory model for the Qur’anic conception of God, while both pantheistic and deistic interpretations fail to account for the structural patterns found in the text.By analyzing the distribution of subject–verb relations visible at the rasm level, the study demonstrates that a structural ontological asymmetry exists between God and the created domain, and it argues that this pattern most consistently corresponds to a model of transcendent panentheism.Keywords:Rasm analysis, conception of God, transcendent panentheism, prayer, problem of evil