A case Report of Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in a Child

BACKGROUND: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a clonal neoplastic disorder characterized by the aberrant proliferation of CD1a+/CD207+dendritic cells that infiltrate tissues and organs, resulting in organ dysfunction. METHODS: This case report describes a 2-year-old boy who presented with abdominal pain and fever. The etiology was ultimately confirmed through clinical symptoms, imaging studies, pulmonary histopathological examination, and genetic testing. RESULTS: The final diagnosis was pediatric pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). CONCLUSIONS: Although pulmonary involvement is not classified as a high-risk in consensus guidelines, PLCH requires diagnostic consideration in children presenting with persistent respiratory symptoms and recurrent fever.