Impact of hypertension and diabetes on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores in acute ischemic stroke patients

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains one of the primary contributors to global illness and death, with its severity commonly evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The relationship between risk factors and NIHSS scores in India remains underexplored. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 AIS patients admitted to Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India, in 2025. Modifiable (hypertension [HTN], diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol use) and non-modifiable (age, gender) risk factors were recorded, with NIHSS scores assessed at admission. Spearman’s correlation and multivariate regression analyzed associations. Results: The mean age of the study population was 63.5 years, comprising 58% males, and had a median NIHSS score of 9 (interquartile range 4–15). HTN (42%) and diabetes (20%) were prevalent. Significant correlations were observed with HTN, diabetes, and age. Multivariate analysis confirmed HTN and diabetes as independent predictors. Conclusion: HTN and diabetes are key determinants of AIS severity, suggesting a need for intensified risk factor control to improve outcomes.