Contrast-induced encephalopathy presenting with refractory status epilepticus following endovascular coiling of an intracranial aneurysm: A case report and literature review

Acute symptomatic seizures as the main manifestation of contrast-induced encephalopathy are relatively uncommon. A 50-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with an unruptured right middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm and underwent elective endovascular stent-assisted coiling. The interventional procedure was uneventful; however, she developed generalized tonic–clonic seizures consistent with status epilepticus on the first postoperative day. A computed tomography scan obtained on postoperative day 1 revealed mild edema in the right cerebral hemisphere, suggestive of contrast-induced encephalopathy. Following prompt antiepileptic therapy and supportive care, the patient achieved complete neurological recovery without residual deficits. By reporting this case and reviewing relevant literature, we summarize the clinical characteristics of contrast-induced encephalopathy presenting primarily with seizures, thereby providing clinical evidence to assist clinicians in the early diagnosis and optimal management of this condition.