Exploration of the Framework and Standard System of Forestry Data Governance Based on Shaanxi Provincial Ecological Cloud Sensing System

Against the backdrop of the Digital China strategy, forestry data governance underpins ecological governance modernization. Taking Shaanxi Provincial Ecological Cloud Sensing System as the object, this study leverages its advantages of dual middle platforms and the unified map integrating forests, grasslands, wetlands and wastelands to construct the "One-Core Leadership, Two-Wing Support, Five-Dimensional Collaboration" framework, a four-in-one full-life-cycle standard system that covers basic general standards, technical operation standards, business application standards and management guarantee standards, as well as three governance methods namely standardized integration, full-process control and cross-domain collaboration. These measures address the core pain points of forestry data including fragmentation, lack of unified standards, uneven data quality and insufficient sharing capacity. Practical verification, conducted through three rounds of sampling across provincial, municipal and county levels covering 10 cities and 107 counties with a 95% confidence interval, shows that the data standard compliance rate has risen from 65% to 92%, coupled with over 52.01 million business calls achieved and the realization of one-network unified management. Comparative analysis with established frameworks like DAMA-DMBOK, the Data Management Capability Assessment Model (DCAM), and DCMM 2.0 confirms the scenario-specific applicability and advantages of the proposed system within ecological forestry contexts. The framework demonstrates good scalability potential in cross-domain expansion, emerging business adaptation, and regional replication. However, it also faces certain implementation trade-offs, such as high initial administrative coordination costs and technical adaptation thresholds at the grassroots level. This study clarifies the positioning of forestry data governance within the broader data governance landscape, enriches the theoretical system of forest informatics, and provides a replicable practical reference for similar regions and domains.