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van Kaam's psychophenomenological method (PPM) is critiqued for its applicability for qualitative data analysis. A four-stage, 12-step format incorporating van Kaam's writings is described. Experience in using the PPM is discussed, while advantages and limitations of the PPM for qualitative inquiry are delineated. It is determined that the PPM remains a viable method for qualitative inquiry. Its quantitative nature, feasibility for analyzing large amounts of narrative data, and use with moderate-to-large sample sizes has appeal to the researcher seeking a rigorous method for analyzing qualitative data.
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Anderson et al. (1998) studied this question.
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