Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy is indicated for many types of malignancies, but can lead to immune-related adverse events [1] [2]. Recently, PD-1 inhibitor-related cholangitis and its clinical features, including peroral cholangioscopy, were reported [3] [4] [5]. However, the diagnostic criteria of PD-1 inhibitor-related cholangitis are unclear. We herein report peroral cholangiography for three patients with suspected pembrolizumab-related sclerosing chol-angitis.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Onoyama et al. (2019) studied this question.