Haemodynamic determinants of supine hypertension in patients with classical orthostatic hypotension

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Flow diagram of participant selection. Evaluation of the tilt table test recordings and reports when selecting the patients and controls to include in the analysis.17 BP, blood pressure; cOH, classical orthostatic hypotension; SH, supine hypertension; TTT, tilt table test.

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  FIGURE 2. Haemodynamic changes over time. For (a) patients with classical orthostatic hypotension (cOH) (n = 80) and (b) controls (n = 80), the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) are plotted as a group average with one standard error. Both cOH patients and controls were divided using a threshold of supine SBP of 140 mmHg, resulting in a supine hypertension group (SH+, red) and a supine normotension group (SH−, blue). Thin pale-coloured lines indicate the percentage of measurements valid for each group at each point in time, with 100% at the top of the right-hand axis. The vertical line at 0 s indicates the moment the act of tilting up was completed. The green rectangle indicates the period used for the supine baseline, and the yellow rectangle highlights the fourth minute of the measurement used to quantify the upright position.

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  FIGURE 3. Logratio analysis of the head-up tilt. Data are shown for patients and controls, both split into those with (SH+) and without (SH−) supine hypertension. The vertical line at T = 0 min shows the moment of completion of head-up tilt. The respective influence of heart rate (HR; red), total peripheral resistance (TPR; green) and stroke volume (SV; purple) on mean arterial pressure (MAP; black line) are shown as cumulative areas. A positive logratio (LR) value signifies a positive effect on the MAP, whilst a negative LR value signifies a negative effect of the parameter on the MAP. The cumulative values of all three parameters at each point in time result in the MAP.