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Summary The distributions of the loss of energy by ionization of a fast primary and of the numbers of ion pairs it produces are derived. It is shown that down to quite small values of the primary ionization. both can be represented by the same “universal’ distribution if the variables are reduced by a proper choice of scale and origin, which accounts for the experimental fact that ion pair numbers are proportional to primary energy loss. These conclusions remain valid when one takes into account quantum resonance effects and the details of atomic structure of the absorber.
J. E. Moyal (Tue,) studied this question.