Key result
Malnutrition and frailty predict postoperative delirium and cognitive decline.
Why the study?
Postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive decline increase morbidity and mortality, making potentially reversible risk factors like nutrition targets for optimization.
Does nutritional optimization and prehabilitation reduce postoperative delirium and cognitive decline in surgical patients?
Does nutritional optimization and prehabilitation reduce postoperative delirium and cognitive decline in surgical patients?
This review highlights malnutrition and frailty as significant, potentially reversible risk factors for postoperative delirium, emphasizing the potential benefit of preoperative nutritional optimization.
Malnutrition and frailty may heighten POD risk; leaves open whether prehabilitation improves outcomes, warranting prospective trials.
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a prevalent clinical entity characterized by reversible fluctuating altered mental status and cognitive impairment with acute and rapid onset a few days after major surgery. Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) is a more permanent extension of POD characterized by prolonged global cognitive impairment for several months to years after surgery and anesthesia. Both syndromes have been shown to increase morbidity and mortality in postoperative patients making their multiple risk factors targets for optimization. In particular, nutrition imparts a significant and potentially reversible risk factor. Malnutrition and frailty have been linked as risk factors and predictive indicators for POD and less so for POCD. This review aims to outline the association between nutrition and perioperative cognitive outcomes as well as potential interventions such as prehabilitation.
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Dammavalam et al. (2023) conducted a review in Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive decline (POCD). Malnutrition and frailty was evaluated. Malnutrition and frailty are significant predictive risk factors for postoperative delirium and cognitive decline, highlighting the potential need for preoperative nutritional optimization and prehabilitation.
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