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High-intensity electromagnetic field therapies have emerged as promising non-invasive approaches in musculoskeletal medicine due to their potential effects on pain modulation, tissue repair, neuromuscular activation, bone regeneration, and functional recovery. In recent years, growing experimental and clinical interest has focused on the application of electromagnetic stimulation in conditions such as osteoarthritis, chronic musculoskeletal pain, tendinopathies, fracture healing, spinal fusion, and rehabilitation following orthopedic and sports-related injuries. Experimental evidence suggests that electromagnetic fields may influence multiple biological processes involved in musculoskeletal recovery, including inflammatory signaling, osteogenic activity, neuromuscular recruitment, and tissue remodeling. Clinical studies have reported beneficial effects on pain reduction, functional improvement, postoperative recovery, and rehabilitation outcomes across different musculoskeletal conditions. However, important methodological heterogeneity persists regarding stimulation parameters, treatment protocols, and clinical outcomes, while evidence specifically related to high-intensity electromagnetic field technologies remains comparatively limited. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the biological mechanisms, therapeutic applications, technical challenges, and safety considerations of electromagnetic field therapies in musculoskeletal disorders, highlighting their potential role as adjunctive strategies in orthopedic rehabilitation and musculoskeletal medicine.
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Cardoso et al. (2025) studied this question.
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