When Metal–Organic Framework Meets Micro/Nanorobots: Opportunities and Challenges

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with their high specific surface areas, tunable pore structures, and chemically programmable interfaces, offer unique advantages for constructing such active microdevices. When integrated into micro/nanorobotic systems, MOFs enable high‐capacity cargo loading, stimulus‐responsive release, enhanced mass transfer, and versatile functionalization, thereby overcoming key limitations of passive carriers and conventional microrobots. Although MOF‐based micro/nanorobots (MOF‐MNRs) have demonstrated promising performance in applications such as water purification, antibacterial therapy, and cancer treatment, their development remains at an early stage, with challenges in structural robustness, controllable actuation, and operation under realistic conditions. A clear understanding of these key aspects is essential for accelerating progress in this emerging field. This feature article provides a systematic overview of recent advances in MOF‐MNRs. Representative MOF materials are discussed in the context of structure‐function relationships relevant to adsorption, delivery, and catalytic activity. Propulsion and control strategies, including chemical, magnetic, optical, electric, biohybrid, and multi‐field coupled actuation, are evaluated from the perspective of efficiency, safety, and environmental adaptability. Structural design principles governing functional integration are highlighted through pure MOF, MOF‐core, and MOF‐shell architectures. Finally, emerging application scenarios are critically assessed, and key challenges and opportunities for translating MOF‐MNRs toward practical and clinically relevant technologies are outlined.