Transportation and Traffic Noise in the City of Hit

Aims: This study aims to measure noise levels generated by various modes of transport in the city of Hit, to determine the spatial variation in noise intensity across the city's neighborhoods and main streets, and to compare the recorded noise levels with established local and international standards. The ultimate objective is to assess the magnitude of this environmental problem and its potential adverse effects on the resident population. Methodology: The study employed a field-based approach to measure noise intensity using a sound level meter (Edos/DS-102). Measurement locations were identified using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Specific points were selected within the neighborhoods and streets of Hit, positioned at a distance of five (5) meters from the noise source, with measurements conducted over a duration of two minutes per point. To ensure greater accuracy and objectivity, measurements were replicated five times at each location, and the arithmetic mean of the readings was adopted for subsequent analysis. Results: The findings reveal a marked spatial variation in noise levels across the streets of Hit, attributable to differences in traffic density and land use patterns. Al-Jisr (Bridge) Street recorded the highest mean noise intensity, reaching 82 decibels (dB) during the morning period, owing to its status as a major commercial thoroughfare characterized by dense vehicular traffic and continuous congestion. In contrast, Hit Hospital Street recorded the lowest mean noise level, at 64 dB during the evening period. Furthermore, the results indicate that noise levels generated by transport modes in the study area consistently exceeded the permissible limits stipulated by both local and international environmental standards. Conclusions: It can be concluded that traffic-induced noise constitutes a prominent environmental problem in the city of Hit, particularly within commercial districts and streets characterized by high traffic density. The results further confirm the presence of noise levels surpassing established thresholds, a situation that may adversely impact the physical health and psychological well-being of residents. The study recommends the adoption of strategic interventions to mitigate noise pollution, including the regulation of traffic flow, improvement of road infrastructure, expansion of green spaces, and the promotion of environmental awareness regarding the hazards of noise and its impact on the urban environment.