Mitigation of Heavy Metal in Vegetable Crops by Plant Growth Regulator

Major environmental pollutants include heavy metals including cadmium, copper, lead, chromium, and mercury. These pollutants are especially prevalent in places with significant anthropogenic pressure. Because heavy metal buildup in soils can have detrimental impacts on crop growth caused by phytotoxicity, food safety and marketability, and the environmental health of soil organisms, it is a major concern in agricultural production. Through contamination of the air, water, and soil, plants' influence and metabolic processes have an impact on the biological and geological redistribution of heavy metals. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) accumulation is a typical side effect of heavy metal toxicity. ROS and MG can both induce lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, enzyme inactivation, DNA damage, and/or interact with other essential components of plant cells. This review focuses on effect of heavy metals on plant growth, yield and their mode of toxic effects in plants.