Time–Frequency Transformation‐Based Vibration Testing and Failure Analysis of Pipeline Structures in Natural Gas Gathering and Transportation Stations

To address issues of abnormal vibration at local nodes and the differences in vibration characteristics during the actual production of natural gas gathering and transportation stations, this study focuses on the piping system spanning the inlet pipeline to the condensation reflux outlet section of a natural gas gathering station, selecting 9 key nodes, pipe‐support structure systems at different locations, and identical nodes under varying power conditions as objects for onsite vibration measurements; Butterworth band‐pass filtering, frequency‐domain analysis, modal analysis, and short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) were employed to investigate the matching mechanism between pipeline natural properties and compressor excitation frequencies. The results indicate that the dominant vibration frequencies are concentrated in 50–250 Hz, with time‐domain signals exhibiting significant spatial variability and directional specificity, and vibration responses of locally complex structures such as elbows and the pipe section upstream of the inlet separator being significantly higher than straight pipe sections; three core frequency clusters that closely match the inherent of the system have been extracted, and resonance with the second‐order natural frequency and near‐resonance with the first‐order natural frequency are the main causes of excessive vibration; for the pipe‐support structures, the transmission rates in the X and Y directions of the supports vary significantly with frequency, the effectiveness of vibration transmission depends on the matching degree between the dominant frequency of the pipeline and the natural frequency of the support, and resonance leads to vibration amplification in specific frequency bands; under different power conditions, the compressor operates at a constant frequency—in the low‐power mode, excitation is dominated by the fifth order, causing stronger high‐frequency near‐resonance vibration, while in the high‐power mode, the excitation switches to the third order, with dispersed energy and no obvious resonance. This research provides data support for formulating scientific and effective vibration control strategies and optimizing support design.