Pathways through the mental health and criminal justice system for Latinos with behavioral health disorders

Mental illness and substance use disorders are disproportionately prevalent in the U.S. criminal justice system and remain tied to recidivism. Although treatment can help, systemic barriers—such as deinstitutionalization and punitive drug policies restrict access to care. Latinos are overrepresented in correctional settings, yet little research traces their behavioral health and justice trajectories. This study addresses that gap through sixteen semi-structured interviews using a life history calendar approach. Findings show justice contact often precedes treatment, creating long delays between symptom onset and care. Results underscore urgent policy implications and the need for culturally responsive interventions to reduce disparities.