Impact of measures aimed at increasing the penetration of photovoltaic systems in low-voltage distribution systems on network losses

Photovoltaic systems are currently being installed at an increasing number of consumption points connected to low-voltage distribution networks. In order to connect the maximum number of photovoltaic systems to the network without compromising the operational reliability of the distribution system, various measures can be adopted to limit the negative impact of photovoltaic system operation on the power quality in the network. The objective of this study is to investigate how the application of these measures affects system losses. The presented study builds on previous research that analyzed the impact of single-phase and three-phase photovoltaic systems on qualitative indicators of power quality in low-voltage distribution networks, as well as the proposal of technical measures that can maintain the monitored power quality parameters within the limits set by the international standard EN 50160. The loss calculation is performed using the simulation software EA-PSM, which incorporates a radial distribution network model composed of elements characteristic of distribution networks in Slovakia. Due to the presence of both single-phase and three-phase photovoltaic systems in the network model, calculations are carried out for an asymmetrical network, where the impact of individual measures on system losses is examined separately for all three phases and the PEN conductor. The study thus offers a comprehensive view of the suitability of applying various measures in terms of system losses.